Identificação morfométrica da espécie predominante Varroa (Parasitiformes: Varroidae) nas colônias de abelhas em Hopelchén, Campeche
Resumo
Mundialmente, a varroose continua sendo o principal problema sanitário nos sistemas de produção apícola,
causando grandes perdas econômicas; atualmente na Península de Yucatan a presença de Varroa tem
sido relatada, no entanto, desconhece-se qual das 4 espécies parasitam as abelhas Apis mellifera no
Estado de Campeche. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar morfometricamente as espécies
predominantes de Varroa (Parasitiformes: Varroidae) nas colônias de abelhas em Hopelchén, Campeche;
para este fim, foram avaliadas 61 colmeias de 5 apiários, 200 a 300 abelhas foram coletadas de cada um;
para a análise morfométrica, 244 ácaros foram colocados em ácido lático a 50% durante 2 horas a 100ºC,
e depois os segmentos foram medidos em um micrômetro ocular. Os resultados indicaram que 100% dos
ácaros avaliados pertenciam à espécie Varroa destructor, os clusters de K significa que indicaram
diferenças intraespecíficas (P< 0,05) e 5 morfotipos de V. destructor foram observados. As variáveis que
apresentaram maior variabilidade foram a largura do escudo anal (P=0,001) e a largura do escudo genital
(P=0,001). Conclui-se que, embora 100% dos ácaros pertencessem ao V. destructor, apresentavam
diferenças morfométricas intra-específicas.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2022.21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6tevnevD0c
e2022-5
Referências
ABOU-SHAARA H, Tabikha R. 2016. Morphological characterization and a morphometry map for Varroa mites from northwest of Egypt. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 49(4):75-84. ISSN: 2067-1865. https://doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2016-0038
AKIMOV I, Benedyk S, Zaloznaya L. 2004. Complex analysis of morphological characters of Gamasid mite Varroa destructor (Parasitiformes, Varroidae). Vestnik Zoologii. 38(5): 57-66. ISSN: 00845604, 20732333.
http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/3366
AKINWANDE K, Badejo M, Ogbogu S. 2013. Morphometrics and parasitic load of Varroa mites (Acari: Varroidae) on colonies of Apis mellifera adansonii (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in South Western, Nigeria. Acarina. 21(1):17-26. ISSN: 01328077, 22215115 https://acarina.utmn.ru/upload/iblock/b39/Akinwande2013.pdf
AKINWANDE KL, Badejo MA, Ogbogu SS. 2012. Incidence of the Korean haplotype of Varroa destructor in southwest Nigeria. Journal of apicultural research. 51(4):369-370. ISSN: 0021-8839. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.51.4.15
AMDAM GV, Hartfelder K, Norberg K, Hagen A, Omholt SW. 2004. Altered physiology in worker honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) infested with the mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae): a factor in colony loss during overwintering?. Journal of economic entomology. 97(3):741-747. ISSN 1938-291X. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.3.741
ANDERSON D, Trueman J. 2000a. Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) is more than one species. Experimental and applied acarology. 24(3):165-189. ISSN: 1572-9702. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1006456720416.pdf
ANDERSON D. 2000b. Variation in the parasitic bee mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Apidologie. 31(2):281-292. ISSN: 0044-8435. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=FR2000003100
BORSUK G, Olszewski K, Strachecka A, Paleolog J, Kasperek K. 2012. Genetic and morphometric variation of the Varroa destructor developing in standard and small comb cells. Veterinary Medical Science and Practice (Medycyna Weterynaryjna). 68:599-602. http://www.medycynawet.edu.pl/images/stories/pdf/pdf2012/102012/201210599602.pdf
BOUDAGGA H, Barbouche N, Laârif A, Hamouda MH. 2003. Morphological identification of the Varroa species (Acari: Varroidae) colonizing Tunisian apiaries. Systematic and Applied Acarology. 8(1):97-100. ISSN: 13621971. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.8.1.12v
BÜCHLER R. 1994. Varroa tolerance in honey bees—occurrence, characters and breeding. Bee World Journal. 75(2):54-70. ISSN: 0005772X.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1994.11099201
CARNEIRO FE, Torres RR, Strapazzon R, Ramírez SA, Guerra Jr, JC, Koling DF, Moretto G. 2007. Alteração do potencial reprodutivo do ácaro Varroa destructor (Anderson e Trueman) em colônias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) no sul do Brasil. Entomología Neotropical. 36(6):949-952. ISSN: 1678-8052.
https://www.scielo.br/j/ne/a/hZQsr7tqBsCs75DV4sWKzFQ/abstract/?lang=en
CHEN Y, Siede R. 2007. Honey bee viruses. Advances in virus research. 70:33-80. ISSN: 00653527, 1557839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-3527(07)70002-7
DE GUZMAN L, Delfinado-Baker M. 1996. A new species of Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) associated with Apis koschevnikovi (Apidae: Hymenoptera) in Borneo. International Journal of Acarology. 22(1):23-27. ISSN: 1647954.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01647959608684077
DE GUZMAN L, Rinderer T. 1999. Identification and comparison of Varroa species infesting honey bees. Apidologie. 30(2-3):85-95. ISSN: 0044-8435. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19990201
DE JONG D, De Jong P, Goncalves L. 1982. Weight Loss and Other Damage to Developing Worker Honeybees from Infestation With Varroa jacobsoni. Journal of apicultural research. 21(3):165-167. ISSN: 0021-8839.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1982.11100535
DELFINADO M, Houck M. 1989. Geographic variation in Varroa jacobsoni (Acari, Varroidae): application of multivariate morphometric techniques. Apidologie, 20(4):345-358. ISSN: 0044-8435.
https://www.apidologie.org/articles/apido/pdf/1989/04/Apidologie_0044-8435_1989_20_4_ART0007.pdf
DADGOSTAR S, Nozari J. 2018. Classical and geometric morphometric methods reveal differences between specimens of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) from seven provinces of Iran. Persian journal of acarology. 7(1):51-60. ISSN: 2251-8169. https://doi.org/10.22073/pja.v7i1.32063
GIMÉNEZ P, Mendoza Y, Invenizzi C, Fuselli S, Alonso R, Fernandez P, Maggi M. 2017. Morphometric correlation between Apis mellifera morphotypes (Hymenoptera) and Varroa destructor (Acari) from Uruguay. Journal of Apicultural Research. 56(2): 122-129. ISSN: 0021-8839. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2017.1287998
GEORGE M, Muñoz G, Marquet P, Poulin R. 2004. Testing the energetic equivalence rule with helminth endoparasites of vertebrates. Ecology Letters. 7(7): 527-531. ISSN: 1461-0248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00609.x
KELOMEY E, Paraiso A, Azonwade F, Gbemavo C, Goergen, GE, Tamo M, Baba-Moussa L. 2016. Morphometric characterization of parasite Varroa sp. of bee Apis mellifera L. in Benin. European Scientific Journal. 12(33):221-234. ISSN: 1857-7881. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n33p221
KRALJ J, Brockmann A, Fuchs S, Tautz J. 2007. The parasitic mite Varroa destructor affects non-associative learning in honey bee foragers, Apis mellifera L. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 193(3):363-370. ISSN: 1432-1351.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-006-0192-8
IBM SPSS. 2011. IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 20.0 (p. 440). New York: IBM Corp.
LASHKARI M, Hentz MG, Boykin LM. 2015. Morphometric comparisons of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations from Iran, USA and Pakistan. Peer J. 3, e946. 1-12. ISSN: 2689-7733. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.946
LOEZA-Concha H, Salgado-Moreno S, Avila-Ramos F, Escalera-Valente F, Lemus-Flores C, Domínguez-Rebolledo Á, Carmona-Gasca C. (2020). Seasonal variation in the prevalence of Varroa, Nosema and Acarapis in hives from which queen bee mating nuclei are produced. Journal of Apicultural Research. 59(4): 558-563. ISSN: 0021-8839. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2020.1717060
LOEZA-Concha H, Domínguez-Rebolledo A, Escalera-Valente F, Ávila-Ramos F, Carmona-Gasca C. 2018. Identificación morfométrica de Varroa destructor y su plasticidad por la exposición a timol. Abanico veterinario. 8(2):98-107. ISSN 2448-6132. https://doi.org/10.21929/abavet2018.82.9
MAGGI M, Sardella N, Ruffinengo S, Eguaras M. 2009. Morphotypes of Varroa destructor collected in Apis mellifera colonies from different geographic locations of Argentina. Parasitology research, 105(6):1629-1636. ISSN: 1432-1955.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1605-8
MOREIRA S, Queiroz G, De Castro H, De Souza E, Pereira D, De Holanda J. 2017. Infestação do ácaro Varroa destructor em colônias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) no Semiárido potiguar, Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável. 12(1):143-149. ISSN 1981-8203.
http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v12i1.4845
MOZAFFARIAN F, Sarafrazi A, Ganbalani GN. 2007. Host plant-associated population variation in the carob moth Ectomyeloisceratoniae in Iran: A geometric morphometric analysis suggests a nutritional basis. Journal of Insect Science. 7(1). ISSN 1536-2442. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.007.0201
MUÑOZ I, Garrido-Bailón E, Martín-Hernández R, Meana A, Higes M, De la Rúa P. 2008. Genetic profile of Varroa destructor infesting Apis mellifera iberiensis colonies. Journal of apicultural research. 47(4):310-313. ISSN: 0021-8839.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2008.11101480
NUSSEY D, Wilson A, Brommer J. 2007. The evolutionary ecology of individual phenotypic plasticity in wild populations. Journal of evolutionary biology. 20:831-844. ISSN: 1420-9101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01300.x
PIGLIUCCI M. 2005. Evolution of phenotypic plasticity: where are we going now? Trends in Ecology y Evolution. 20:481-486. ISSN: 0169-5347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.06.001
RAHMANI H, Sabouri A, Nozari J, Kamali K. 2006. Report and survey of morphometric characteristics of Varroa destructor (acari: varroidae) collected from honey bees in Tehran province, Iran (Research note). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 8(1):351-355.ISSN: 1680-7073. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=47578
RAMSEY S. Ochoa R. Bauchan G, Gulbronson C, Mowery J, Cohen A, Ellis J. 2019. Varroa destructor feeds primarily on honey bee fat body tissue and not hemolymph. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116(5):1792-1801. ISSN: 0027-8424. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818371116
ROSENKRANZ P, Aumeier P, Ziegelmann B. 2010. Biology and control of Varroa destructor. Journal of invertebrate pathology. 103:S96-S119. ISSN: 00222011, 10960805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.016
STRAPAZZON R, Carneiro F, Guerra Jr J, Moretto G. 2009. Genetic characterization of the mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) collected from honey bees Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the state of Santa Catarina. Brazil. Genetics and Molecular Research. 8(3):990-997. ISSN: 00222011, 10960805.
WEATHER Spark 2021. El clima promedio en Hopelchén, Campeche, México. https://es.weatherspark.com/y/12357/Clima-promedio-en-Hopelchen-M%C3%A9xico-durante-todo-el-a%C3%B1o
YEVSTAFIEVA V, Nasarenko O. 2018. Морфометричні ознаки самок Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman, 2000 (Acari, Mesostigmata: Varroidae). Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine. 6(1):40-45. ISSN: 2090-3308. https://bulletin-biosafety.com/index.php/journal/article/view/169
YUE C, Genersch E. 2005. RT-PCR analysis of Deformed wing virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and mites (Varroa destructor). Journal of General Virology. 6(12):3419-3424. ISSN: 00221317, 14652099. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81401-0
ZHANG Z. 2000. Notes on Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) parasitic on honeybees in New Zealand. Systematic and Applied Acarology Special Publications. 5(1):9-14. ISSN: 13621971. https://doi.org/10.11158/saasp.5.1.2
