Zinc methionine supplementation effect on performance and intestinal epithelium morphology in pigs reared in hot or cool environments
Keywords:
Intestinal epitheliumAbstract
To determine the effect of zinc-methionine supplementation during the gestation-lactation (GL) and growingfinishing (DF) period in the performance and during DF on the epithelium intestinal morphology of fattening pigs under hot and cool condition, two experiments were carried out. The experiment (Exp.) 1 was carried out during the hot season and Exp. 2 during the cool season of the year. 192 pigs were used (96 per Exp.) with an average age of 79 days and 26.39±SD4.97 kg of body weight, piglets of sows that received or not feed added with 100 mg of Zn/kg, from 80 to 114 days of gestation and during 21 d of lactation (GL). In
each experiment, the pigs were assigned to one of four treatments in a completely random design with a 2
x 2 factorial arrangement. The treatments were T1 (control, n = 24), non-supplemented mothers-non supplemented pigs; T2 (Zn FD; n = 24), non-supplemented mothers, pigs supplemented with 100 mg of
Zn/kg feed; T3 (Zn GL; n = 24), supplemented mothers – non-supplemented pigs and, T4 (Zn GL + Zn DF;
n = 24), supplemented mothers + supplemented pigs. Supplementation with 100 mg of Zn / kg of feed during GL and DF did not modify the productive performance of the pigs during the study period. However, the villus height: crypt depth ratio was higher (p <0.01) in pigs supplemented with Zn (3.36 vs. 2.77) during the hot season. An interaction (p <0.02) between climate and zinc, methionine supplementation was observed in the depth of the crypt and the V:C ratio. Supplementation during GL tended (P = 0.06) to lower the mortality of developing-finishing pigs in the cool season. According to results, it is concluded that the addition of zinc methionine to the diet improves the integrity of the intestinal epithelium in developing-finishing pigs reared under a hot environment, and supplementation during the gestation and lactation period reduces mortality during fattening.
References
AL MASRI S, Hünigen H, Al Aiyan A, Rieger J, Zentek J, Richardson K, Plendl J. 2015. Influence of age at weaning and feeding regimes on the postnatal morphology of the porcine small intestine. Journal Swine Health and Production. 23(4):186–203. ISSN: 1537-209X. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1806.5043
BOUWHUIS MA, Sweeney T, Mukhopadhya A, Thornton K, McAlpine PO and O’Doherty JV. 2016. Zinc methionine and laminarin have growth-enhancing properties in newly weaned pigs influencing both intestinal health and diarrhoea occurrence. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 101(6):1273-1285. ISSN: 0931-2439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12647
CHAND N, Naz S, Khan A, Khan S, Khan RU. 2014. Performance traits and immune response of broiler chicks treated with zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation during cyclic heat stress. International Journal of Biometeorology. 58(10):2153–2157. ISSN: 1432-1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0815-7
CHASAPIS CT, Loutsidou AC, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. 2012. Zinc and human health: an update. Archives of Toxicology. 86(4):521–534. ISSN: 0340-5761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0775-1
CIAD. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Unidad Culiacán. Sistema Estadístico del Clima Automatizado de Sinaloa. 2015. http://187.141.135.166/CIAD/DatosPorPeriodoNuevo.aspx
CIAD. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Unidad Culiacán. Sistema Estadístico del Clima Automatizado de Sinaloa. 2016. http://187.141.135.166/CIAD/DatosPorPeriodoNuevo.aspx
CRUZ JBF, Soares HF. 2011. Uma revisão sobre o zinco. Ensaios Ciência Ciências Biológicas Agrárias Saúde. 15: 207–222. ISSN: 1415-6938. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/260/26019329014.pdf
ESHEL GM, Safar P, Stezoski W. 2001. The role of thegut in the pathogenesis of death due to hyperthermia. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 22(1):100–104. ISSN: 0195-7910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-200103000-00022
LAGANA C, Ribeiro AML, Kessler A, Kratz LR, Pinheiro CC. 2007. Effect of the supplementation of vitamins and organic minerals on the performance of broilers under heat stress. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avícola. 9(1):01–06. ISSN: 1806-9061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2007000100006
LAMBERT GP, Gisolfi CV, Berg DJ, Moseley PL, Oberley LW, Kregel KC. 2002. Selected contribution: Hyperthermia-induced intestinal permeability and the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress. Journal Applied of Physiology. 92(4):1750–1761. ISSN: 1522-1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00787.2001
LAMBERT GP. 2009. Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects. Journal of Animal Science. 87:E101–E108. ISSN: 1525-3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1339
LI BT, van Kessel AG, Caine WR, Huang SX, Kirkwood RN. 2001. Small intestinal morphology and bacterial populations in ileal digesta and feces of newly weaned pigs receiving a high dietary level of zinc oxide. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 81(4):511–516. ISSN: 0008-3984. https://doi.org/10.4141/A01-043
LI Y, Cao Y, Zhou X, Wang F, Shan T, Li Z, Xu W, Li C. 2015. Effects of zinc sulfate pretreatment on heat tolerance of Bama miniature pig under high ambient temperature. Journal of Animal Science. 93:3421–3430. ISSN: 1525-3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-8910
LONG L, Chen J, Zhang Y, Liang X, Ni H, Zhang B, Yin Y. 2017. Comparison of porous and nano zinc oxide for replacing high-dose dietary regular zinc oxide in weaning piglets. Plos ONE. 12(8):e0182550. ISSN: 1932-6203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182550
MADER TL, Davis MS, Brown-Brandl T. 2006. Environmental factors influencing heat stress in feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 84:712-719. ISSN: 0021-8812. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1622&context=animalscifacpub
MANI V, Weber TE, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. 2012. Growth and development symposium: Endotoxin, inflammation, and intestinal function in livestock. Journal of animal Science. 90 (5):1452–1465. ISSN: 0021-8812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-4627
MAO X, Qi S, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Chen D. 2013. Zn (2+) and L-isoleucine induce the expressions of porcine beta-defensins in IPEC-J2 cells. Molecular Biology Reports. 40(2): 1547–1552. ISSN: 1573-4978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-2200-0
MARET W. 2013. Zinc biochemistry: From a single zinc enzyme to a key element of life. Advances in Nutrition. 4(1):82−91. ISSN: 2161-8313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/an.112.003038.
MARREIRO DN, Cruz KJC, Morais JBS, Beserra JB, Severo, de Oliveira ARS. 2017. Zinc and Oxidative Stress: Current Mechanisms. Antioxidants, 6 (2): 24. ISSN: 2076-3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox6020024
McDOWELL LR. 2003. Zinc. En Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. 2nd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Pp. 644. ISBN: 978-0-444-51367-0; https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780444513670/minerals-in-animal-and-human-nutrition
MING-ZHE L, Jie-Ting H, Yi-Hao T, Syuan-Yian M, Chao-Ming F, Tu-Fa L. 2016. Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Animal Science Journal. 87: 1379–1385. ISSN: 1740-0929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asj.12579
NOM-033. 2014. NOM-033-SAG. ZOO-2014. Métodos para dar muerte a los animales domésticos y silvestres, 26. https://www.gob.mx/profepa/documentos/norma-oficial-mexicana-nom-033-sag-zoo-2014-metodos-para-dar-muerte-a-los-animales-domesticos-y-silvestres
NRC (National Research Council). 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC. USA.Pp. 420. ISBN: 978-0-309-22423-9; https://www.nap.edu/catalog/13298/nutrient-requirements-of-swine-eleventh-revised-edition
PAYNE RL, Bidner TD, Fakler TM and LL Southern. 2006. Growth and intestinal morphology of pigs from sows fed two zinc sources during gestation and lactation. Journal of Animal Science. 84:2141-214. ISSN: 0021-8812, https://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-627
PEARCE SC, Gabler NK, Ross JW, Escobar J, Patience JF, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. 2013a. The effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on metabolism in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 91:2108–2118. ISSN: 1525-3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5738
PEARCE SC, Mani V, Boddicker RL, Johnson JS, Weber TE, Ross JW, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. 2013b. Heat stress reduces intestinal barrier integrity and favors intestinal glucose transport in growing pigs. PLoS ONE. 8:E70215. ISSN: 1932-6203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070215
PEARCE SC, Mani V, Weber TE, Rhoads RP, Patience JF, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. 2013c. Heat stress and reduced plane of nutrition decreases intestinal integrity and function in pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 91:5183–5193. ISSN: 1525-3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6759
PEARCE SC, Sanz-Fernandez MV, Torrison J, Wilson ME, Baumgard LH, Gabler NK. 2015. Dietary organic zinc attenuates heat stress–induced changes in pig intestinal integrity and metabolism. Journal of Animal Science. 93:4702–4713. ISSN: 1525-3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas2015-9018
PEI X, Xiao Z, Liu L, Wang G, Tao W, Wanga M, Zou J, Leng D. 2018. Effects of Dietary Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Supplementation on Growth Performance, Zinc Status, Intestinal Morphology, Microflora Population, and Immune Response in Weaned Pigs Running. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 99(3):1366-1374. ISSN: 1097-0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9312
PROPHET E, Mills B, Arrington J, Sobón L. 1995. Métodos histotecnológicos.Instituto de Patología de las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos de América. Washington DC. Registro de Patología de los Estados Unidos de América (ARP) e Instituto de Patología de las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos de América (AFIP). ISBN: 1881041212 9781881041214; https://www.worldcat.org/title/metodos-histotecnologicos/oclc/630264753
RAKHSHANDEH A, Dekkers JCM, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, English J, Gabler NK. 2012. Effect of immune system stimulation and divergent selection for residual feed intake on digestive capacity of the small intestine in growing pigs. Journal of animal Science. 90(Suppl. 4):233–235. ISSN: 0021-8812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.53976
RENAUDEAU D, Gourdine JL, St-Pierre NR. 2011. A meta-analysis of the effects of high ambient temperature on growth performance of growing finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 89(7):2220–2230. SSN: 1525-3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3329
RICHARDS JD, Fisher PM, Evans JL, Wedekind KJ. 2015. Greater bioavailability of chelated compared with inorganic zinc in broiler chicks in the presence or absence of elevated calcium and phosphorus. Open Access Animal Physiology. 7:97-109. ISSN: 1179-2779. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAAP.S83845
ROMO JM, Romo JA, Barajas R, Enríquez I, Silva G, Montero A. 2017. Efecto del consume de zinc orgánico en la respuesta productiva de la cerda y su camada. Abanico veterinario. 7(2):43-59. ISSN 2448-6132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2017.72.4
SANZ-FERNANDEZ MV, Pearce SC, Gabler NK, Patience JF, Wilson ME, Socha MT, Torrison JL, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. 2014. Effects of supplemental zinc amino acid complex on gut integrity in heat-stressed growing pigs. Animal. 8:43–50. ISSN: 1751-732X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113001961
SCHLEGEL P, Sauvant D, Jondreville C. 2013. Bioavailabiliy of zinc sources and their interaction with phytates in broilers and piglets. Animal. 7(1):47–59. ISSN: 1751-732X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731112001000
STEEL GD y Torrie JH. 1985. Bioestadística: Principios y Procedimientos. (2da. Ed.) McGraw-Hill, México, DF. Pp. 624. ISBN: 968-451495-6; https://www.academia.edu/35066774/Steel_Robert_G_-_Bioestadistica_Principios_Y_Procedimientos_2ed
ST-PIERRE NR, Cobanov B, Schnitkey G. 2003. Economic losses from heat stress by US livestock industries. Journal of Dairy Science. 86(Suppl):E52–E77. ISSN: 0022-0302. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5
TANG M, Laarveld B, Van Kessel AG, Hamilton DL, Estrada A, Patience JF. 1999. Effect of segregated early weaning on postweaning small intestinal devel¬opment in pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 77(12):3191–3200. ISSN: 1525-3163. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.77123191x
WAEYTENS A, De Vos M, Laukens D. 2009. Evidence for a Potential Role of Metallothioneins in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mediators of Inflammation. Article ID 729172: 9 pages. ISSN: 0962-9351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/729172
WANG X, Valenzano MC, Mercado JM, Zurbach EP, Mullin JM. 2013. Zinc supplementation modifies tight junctions and alters barrier function of CACO-2 human intestinal epithelial layers. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 58(1): 77–87. ISSN: 0163-2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2328-8
ZHANG B, Guo Y. 2009. Supplemental zinc reduced intestinal permeability by enhancing occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) expression in weaning piglets. The British Journal of Nutrition. 102:687–693. ISSN: 1475-2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509289033
