Estrés por calor: influencia sobre la fisiología, comportamiento productivo y reproductivo del cerdo
Palabras clave:
cerdo, estrés por calor, desempeño reproductivo, desempeño productivoResumen
El estrés por calor (EC) compromete parámetros reproductivos y de crecimiento. Los cerdos sometidos a estrés por calor reducen el consumo voluntario y modifican su metabolismo energético provocando la reducción en la ganancia diaria de peso y un incremento en la acumulación de grasa subcutánea, que afecta de manera negativa la calidad de la canal de los cerdos de engorda. En la cerda provoca un balance energético negativo afectando su desempeño reproductivo al incrementar el intervalo celo posdestete, disminuir la tasa de gestación, tasa de partos y tamaño y peso de la camada al nacimiento y al destete. Muchas de las consecuencias negativas del EC parecen estar mediadas por la hiperpermeabilidad de la barrera intestinal, provocando cambios fisiológicos como el reparto de nutrientes hacia un sistema inmunológico activado y efectos adversos en los ovarios a través de la señalización elevada de endotoxinas e insulina, que resultan en fallas en la función reproductiva de la cerda.
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