Efecto estacional de la calidad del calostro y el peso de la cría en la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en becerros bovinos
Palabras clave:
calostro, desarrollo, inmunoglobulina, leche, proteína séricaResumen
El calostro es una fuente rica en nutrientes, pero sobre todo en diversos componentes inmunológicos que proporcionan inmunidad pasiva al neonato. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto en la calidad de calostro bovino y peso de la cría, en diferente época del año sobre la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en becerros. Para la calidad de calostro, se utilizaron 2,744 vacas Holstein multíparas, se consideró <20 mg/mL de inmunoglobulinas (Ig) baja, de 20-50 mg/mL media y 50-140 mg/mL alta calidad respectivamente. Respecto al peso de las crías se realizó una separación de animales inferiores y otro superior a 40 kg respectivamente. El calostro suministrado a los recién nacidos se colectó del primer ordeño postparto; inmediatamente después a la colecta, se pasteurizó a una temperatura de 60 °C por 60 min, en un pasteurizador comercial. Los resultados muestran un promedio de calidad del calostro de 78 mg/mL de Ig. La concentración de Ig superó los 50 g/L por lo que se consideró como calostro de buena calidad. La concentración promedio de proteína sérica de los animales evaluados fue de 6.3 g/dL. Se consideró la transferencia exitosa en la adquisición de inmunidad pasiva debido a que la proteína sérica fue mayor a 5.5 g/dL en todas las estaciones del año; el 90.2% de los becerros mostraron concentraciones de éxito en la transferencia. Se concluye que la estación del año y la administración de calostro con calidad favorece la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2024.6
e2020-83
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3k3wH0aLSPk
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