Uso de la semilla de alpiste en alimentos para peces dulceacuícolas: una revisión
Palabras clave:
Alpiste, peces de agua dulce, fitoesteroles, colesterol, efecto hipocolesterolémico, alimento funcionalResumen
Esta revisión analiza la información más relevante de 88 publicaciones de las cuales 41 están enfocados sobre la calidad nutricional y funcional de la semilla de alpiste, la cual es originaria de la región mediterránea con una producción mundial de aproximadamente 257,600 ton en 2020. Contiene un aporte moderado de proteína, dentro del cual destaca un contenido aminoacídico rico en lisina, arginina y triptófano, mayor que otros granos comestibles, también posee un alto contenido de grasas monoinsaturadas y polinsaturadas; además, se ha encontrado que aporta un gran contenido de enzimas tipo lipasas ayudando estas en la reducción de triglicéridos de la sangre cuando se le utiliza como un ingrediente en la dieta de humanos. Estudios más recientes indican que es una muy importante fuente de esteroles, por lo cual se ha utilizado esta semilla en la cultura popular para tratar problemas asociados con el incremento del colesterol y algunas enfermedades cardiovasculares sobre todo en personas con obesidad. Sin embargo, en peces dulceacuícolas el uso de esta semilla no se ha potencializado para incrementar aspectos como valor agregado y proponer nuevos ingredientes no convencionales para la industria alimentaria acuícola, por lo tanto, estos aspectos son la parte central de esta revisión.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2022.34
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