Caracterización de la mastitis y sus agentes asociados en rebaños ovinos de carne en la región central del estado de México
Palabras clave:
mastitis ovina, Staphylococcus aureus, ovejas de carne, producción familiarResumen
La mastitis de los pequeños rumiantes afecta la economía, al disminuir la producción de leche y el desarrollo de los corderos. Para determinar la frecuencia de mastitis ovina en ovejas de carne y sus agentes asociados se estudiaron 38 rebaños ovinos de producción familiar en municipios de la región central del México. Se obtuvieron 822 muestras individuales de leche ovina; para realizar la prueba de mastitis California y el aislamiento microbiano. Los resultados se evaluaron mediante la prueba de Ji-cuadrada (p<0.05). Se lograron aislamientos en el 21.9% de las muestras evaluadas distribuyéndose 19.89% en animales que presentaban mastitis subclínica y 2.79% de animales con mastitis clínica. Los agentes mayormente aislados fueron: Staphylococcus aureus 34.18%, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (SCN) 21.94% y bacterias coliformes 16.33% (p<0.001); seguidos de Streptococcus no agalactiae 8.68%, Mannheimia haemolytica 4.60%; bacterias no coliformes 2.04%, Pasteurella multocida 2.04%, Streptococcus agalactiae 0.51% (p<0.05). Los agentes menos frecuentes aislados fueron: Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Truperella pyogenes y levaduras. La mastitis subclínica y clínica, se asoció a la infección por Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (SCN) (p<0.001), lo que muestra una amplia distribución en los rebaños ovinos de carne en la región central del Estado de México.
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