Evolución de la aspiración folicular para producción in vitro de embriones en rumiantes
Palabras clave:
embriones producidos in vitro, aspiración folicular ovárica, rumiantesResumen
Desde que, en 1982 se consiguió el nacimiento de la primera cría generada a partir de la producción in vitro de embriones (PIV), los avances en esta tecnología no se han detenido. La PIV ha sido tan exitosa que se ha adaptado a diversas especies, tanto productivas como de fauna silvestre. Sin lugar a duda el mayor éxito de la PIV ha sido en el ganado bovino, según los datos reportados por la Sociedad Internacional de Tecnologías Embrionarias (IETS) durante el año 2020. Este éxito se debe en gran parte a la evolución de los sistemas de cultivo in vitro y a la colección eficiente y poco invasiva de ovocitos a partir de donantes vivas. En las últimas 3 décadas el avance en la fisiología ovárica, en el desarrollo de la ultrasonografía, tipos de agujas, presión de aspiración y genotipos utilizados, ha permitido que la aspiración folicular ovárica sea una técnica que se puede desarrollar a nivel de campo, con resultados cada vez mejores y sin afectar el bienestar de las donantes. En esta revisión se describirá la evolución de la técnica de aspiración folicular en rumiantes con énfasis en sus variantes y las nuevas estrategias para mejorar la calidad de los ovocitos.
http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2023.110
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