Bioquímica y vías metabólicas de polisacáridos, lípidos y proteínas

Verónica Pacheco-Gómez, Alejandra Caballero-Zamora, Sergio Martínez-González, Omar Prado-Rebolledo, Arturo García-Casillas

Resumen

Las células eucariotas son estructuras complejas, capaces de replicarse y realizar una amplia gama de tareas en organismos multicelulares. Sin embargo, también obedecen las leyes de la química y la física que determinan el metabolismo de los sistemas vivos. En consecuencia, la biología celular busca comprender los procesos metabólicos en términos de reacciones de anabolismo y catabolismo molecular. Esta revisión considera la composición química y las propiedades de los polisacáridos, lípidos y proteínas como responsables en última instancia de todas las actividades celulares. Los átomos y enlaces bioquímicos de estas macromoléculas determinan toda la dinámica celular, por lo que en la primera parte de cada capítulo se repasa la naturaleza de los grupos funcionales hidroxilo, amino y carboxilo, responsables de la formación de monosacáridos, aminoácidos y ácidos grasos. El resto de cada capítulo analiza la génesis y lisis de estas moléculas dentro de cada organelo celular, para la formación de acetil-Coenzima A y la liberación de su energía en el ciclo de Krebs. Así, la bioquímica del metabolismo celular, puede entenderse en términos de las estructuras y funciones de tres principales moléculas orgánicas.

http://dx.doi.org/10.21929/abavet2021.47
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFnXFVcpFMU

Palabras clave

glucogenogénesis; glucólisis; lipogénesis; lipólisis; proteogénesis; proteólisis

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