Coccidiosis en pollos de engorda comerciales en Brazil entre 2012 y 2019: especies principales y grados de daño

Fabio Gazoni, Fabrizio Matte, Felipe Chiarelli-Adorno, Antonise Mariely-Jaguezeski, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Aleksandro Schafer-da-Silva

Resumen

El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de la coccidiosis en pollos de engorde, detectar las especies más comunes de Eimeria spp y cargas parasitarias en aves comerciales en Brasil de 2012 a 2019. Estudiamos 13,648 aves entre 9 y 49 días de edad en 82 empresas en 13 estados brasileños. Las aves se seleccionaron al azar (3 a 6 aves / aviario) y se sacrificaron por eutanasia. Se analizaron las lesiones macroscópicas y se raspó la mucosa intestinal para el conteo de ooquistes de E. maxima. La clasificación de especies se basó en el tamaño de los ooquistes. También cuantificamos la carga infecciosa mediante un sistema de puntuación. Se detectó coccidiosis subclínica (E. maxima micro) en un promedio de 34.8%. E. acervulina (16.1%), E. maxima (7.9%) y E. tenella (4.1%) también se identificaron con fluctuaciones anuales. El conteo de ooquistes estuvo dentro de la puntuación 1 (1 a 10 ooquistes / ave) en el 47.5 al 84.4% de los casos; seguido de una puntuación 2 (11 a 20), 3 (21 a 40) y 4 (más de 41 ooquistes / ave). La coccidiosis subclínica es motivo de preocupación, ya que 3.5 de cada diez aves estaban infectadas. Este es un factor responsable del menor rendimiento productivo de los pollos de engorde.

Palabras clave

coccidiosis; Eimeria acervulina; Eimeria maxima; Eimeria tenella; prevalencia

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