Semioquímicos associados ao rastreamento de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): uma revisão sistemática
Palavras-chave:
Cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa, eletroantenografia, glândulas, bioensaio, trilhaResumo
As formigas são himenópteros muito diversificados e geograficamente difundidos. Elas são insetos sociais
e sua comunicação é baseada em sinais químicos. Dentro do grupo de semioquímicos que regulam o
forrageamento estão os feromônios de rastreamento de trilhas. O objetivo desta revisão é documentar os
principais feromônios de rastreamento que guiam as formigas até as fontes de alimento. Foi realizada uma
revisão sistemática com base nas diretrizes PRISMA de pesquisas encontradas no PubMed, Web of
Science e Google Scholar sobre feromônios de trilha. Vinte e seis compostos químicos foram relatados em
14 espécies de formigas, sendo as principais fontes extratos de corpo inteiro, abdômen e glândulas. A
detecção de semioquímicos foi feita por meio de respostas eletrofisiológicas de himenópteros e métodos
cromatográficos, registrando compostos orgânicos de cadeia curta e longa (C05-C18). O estudo de
compostos químicos vestigiais foi realizado em um pequeno número de espécies. Esse tipo de pesquisa
tem grande potencial para o controle de formigas invasoras, uma vez que sua distribuição tem tido
repercussões negativas nos ecossistemas e prejuízos econômicos para os seres humanos.
e2022-58
Referências
ANGULO E, Hoffmann BD, Ballesteros-Mejia L, Taheri A, Balzani P, Bang A, Renault D, Cordonnier M, Bellard C, Diagne C, Ahmed DA, Watari Y, Courchamp F. 2022. Economic costs of invasive alien ants worldwide. Biological Invasions. ISSN: 1387-3547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02791-w
ATTYGALLE AB, Mutti A, Rohe W, Maschwitz U, Garbe W, Bestmann HJ. 1998. Trail Pheromone from the Pavan Gland of the Ant Dolichoderus thoracicus (Smith) Pheromones. Naturwissenschaften. 85: 275-277. ISSN: 1432-1904.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s001140050498
AZHAGU RR, Sathish R, Prakasam A, Krishnamoorthy D, Balachandar M. 2017. Diversity and distribution of Ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in Pachaiyappa’s College, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India. J Entomol Zool Stud. 5(1): 459-464. ISSN: 2320-7078. https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/?year=2017&vol=5&issue=1&ArticleId=1501
BESTMANN HJ, Liepold B, Kress A, Hofmann A. 1999, (2S,4R,5S)-2,4-Dimethyl-5-hexanolide: Ants of Different Species Camponotus Can Distinguish the Absolute Configuration of Their Trail Pheromone. Chemistry A European Journal. 5: 2984-2989. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-3765(19991001)5:10<2984::AID-CHEM2984>3.0.CO;2-8
BILLEN J, Chung-Chi L, Esteves FA. 2020. Novel exocrine glands in the foreleg coxae of Discothyrea ants. Arthropod Structure & Development. 59: 165-174. ISSN 1467-8039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2020.100981
BOLOGNA A, Toffin E, Detrain C, Campo A. 2017. An automated method for large-scale monitoring of seed dispersal by ants. Scientific Reports. 7(1):1-12. ISSN: 2045-2322. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40143
CARVALHO RL, Andersen AN, Anjos DV, Pacheco R, Chagas L, Vasconcelos HL. 2020. Understanding what bioindicators are actually indicating: Linking disturbance responses to ecological traits of dung beetles and ants. Ecological Indicators. 108: 105764. ISSN: 1470-160X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105764
CASIMIRO MS, Sansevero JBB, Queiroz JM. 2019. What can ants tell us about ecological restoration? A global meta-analysis. Ecological Indicators. 102: 593-598. ISSN: 1470160X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.03.018
CERDÁ X, Oudenhove VL, Bernstein C, Boulay RR. 2014. A list of and some comments about the trail pheromones of ants. Natural Product Communications. 9(8): 1115-1122. ISSN: 1555-9475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1400900813
CHALISSERY JM, Gries R, Alamsetti SK, Ardiel MJ, Gries G. 2021. Identification of the Trail Pheromone of the Pavement Ant Tetramorium immigrans (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 48(3): 302-311. ISSN: 0098-0331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-021-01317-3
CHALISSERY JM, Renyard A, Gries R, Hoefele D, Alamsetti SK, Gries G. 2019. Ants Sense, and Follow, Trail Pheromones of Ant Community Members. Insects. 10(11): 1-11. ISSN: 2075-4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110383
CHEN S, Ding F, Hao M, Jiang D. 2020. Mapping the Potential Global Distribution of Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) Based on a Machine Learning Method. Sustainability. 12(23): 1-13. ISSN: 2071-1050. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310182
CRISTÍN J, Bartumeus F, Méndez V, Campos D. 2020. Occupancy patterns in superorganisms: a spin-glass approach to ant exploration. Royal Society Open Science. 7(12): 1-16. ISSN: 2054-5703. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201250
CSŐSZ S, Báthori F, Gallé L, Lőrinczi G, Maák I, Tartally A, Kovács É, Somogyi AA, Markó B. 2021. The Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of Ant Species with an Annotated Synonymic Inventory. Insects. 12(1): 1-14. ISSN: 2075-4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12010078
CZACZKES TJ. 2018. Using T- and Y-mazes in myrmecology and elsewhere: a practical guide. Insectes Sociaux. 65(2):213-224. ISSN: 0020-1812.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-018-0621-z
D’ETTORRE P, Deisig N, Sandoz JC. 2017. Decoding ants’ olfactory system sheds light on the evolution of social communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114(34):8911-8913. ISSN: 0027-8424.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711075114
DASSOU AG, Idohou R, Azandémè-Hounmalon GY, Sabi-Sabi A, Houndété J, Silvie P, Dansi A. 2021. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Benin: abundance, damage, predatory ants and potential control. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 41(4): 2627-2636. ISSN: 1742-7592.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00443-5
DE ALMEIDA T, Mesléard F, Santonja M, Gros R, Dutoit T, Blight, O. 2020. Above- and below-ground effects of an ecosystem engineer ant in Mediterranean dry grasslands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287(1935): 1-10. ISSN: 0962-8452. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1840
DE GASPERIN O, Blacher P, Grasso G, Chapuisat M. 2020. Winter is coming: harsh environments limit independent reproduction of cooperative-breeding queens in a socially polymorphic ant. Biology Letters. 16(1): 1-5. ISSN: 1744-9561.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0730
DIAMÉ L, Rey JY, Vayssières, JF, Grechi I, Chailleux A, Diarra K. 2018. Ants: Major Functional Elements in Fruit Agro-Ecosystems and Biological Control Agents. Sustainability. 10(2): 1-18. ISSN: 2071-1050. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010023
DU Y, Grodowitz MJ, Chen J. 2019. Electrophysiological Responses of Eighteen Species of Insects to Fire Ant Alarm Pheromone. Insects. 10(11): 1-15. ISSN: 2075-4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects10110403
ESCÁRRAGA M, Guerrero R. (2014). Hormigas. Un mundo de Meñiques gigantes. INFOZOA. Boletín de Zoología. 4: 1–16. ISSN: 2346-1837.
https://revistas.unimagdalena.edu.co/index.php/infozoa/issue/view/205
EUBANKS MD, Lin C, Tarone AM. 2019. The role of ants in vertebrate carrion decomposition. Food Webs. 18: e00109 ISSN: 2352-2496.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00109
FORBES SJ, Northfield TD. 2017. Oecophylla smaragdina ants provide pest control in Australian cacao. Biotropica. 49(3): 328–336. ISSN: 00063606.
https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12405
FOX EGP, Adams RMM. 2022. On the Biological Diversity of Ant Alkaloids. Annual Review of Entomology. 67(1):367-385. ISSN: 1545-4487.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-072821-063525
GE J, Ge Z, Zhu D, Wang X. 2020. Pheromonal Regulation of the Reproductive Division of Labor in Social Insects. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8: 1-9. ISSN: 2296-634X. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00837
GORDON DM. 2021. Movement, Encounter Rate, and Collective Behavior in Ant Colonies. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 114(5): 541-546. ISSN: 0013-8746. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa036
GUÉNARD B, Weiser MD, Gómez K, Narula N, Economo EP. 2017. The Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics (GABI) database: synthesizing data on the geographic distribution of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News. 24: 83-89. ISSN: 1994-4136. https://doi.org/10.25849/myrmecol.news_024:083
HAKALA SM, Seppä P, Helanterä H. 2019. Evolution of dispersal in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a review on the dispersal strategies of sessile superorganisms. Myrmecological News. 29: 35-55. ISSN: 1997-3500.
https://doi.org/10.25849/myrmecol.news_029:035
HAMILTON N, Jones TH, Shik JZ, Wall B, Schultz TR, Blair H.A, Adams RMM. 2018. Context is everything: mapping Cyphomyrmex-derived compounds to the fungus-growing ant phylogeny. Chemoecology. 28(4-5): 137-144. ISSN: 0937-7409.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-018-0265-5
HEFETZ A. 2019. The critical role of primer pheromones in maintaining insect sociality. Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C. 74(9-10): 221-231. ISSN: 1865-7125.
https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2018-0224
HOEFELE D, Chalissery JM, Renyard A, Gries G. 2021. Experimentally guided development of a food bait for European fire ants. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 169(9): 780-791. ISSN: 0013-8703. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13053
HÖLLDOBLER B. 2019. “Chemical Communication in Ants: New Exocrine Glands and Their Behavioral Function”. In: M. D. Breed, C. D. Michener, E. Evans, The Biology of Social Insects. New York, United States of America: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN: 9780429309113. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429309113
HU L, Balusu RR, Zhang WQ, Ajayi OS, Lu YY, Zeng RS, … Chen L. 2018. Intra- and inter-specific variation in alarm pheromone produced by Solenopsis fire ants. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 108(5): 667-673. ISSN: 0007-4853.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485317001201
HUBER JT. 2017. Biodiversity of Hymenoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH, Insect Biodiversity. Pp. 419-461. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN:9781118945568. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch12
JANICKI J, Narula N, Ziegler M, Guénard B, Economo E.P. 2016. Visualizing and interacting with large-volume biodiversity data using client–server web-mapping applications: The design and implementation of antmaps.org. Ecological Informatics. 32: 185–193. ISSN: 15749541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.02.006
JÍLKOVÁ V, Jandová K, Vacířová A, Kukla J. 2020. Gradients of labile carbon inputs into the soil surrounding wood ant nests in a temperate forest. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 56(1): 69-79. ISSN: 0178-2762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-019-01402-6
KLEEBERG I, Menzel F, Foitzik S. 2017. The influence of slavemaking lifestyle, caste and sex on chemical profiles in Temnothorax ants: insights into the evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284(1850), 20162249. ISSN: 0962-8452. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2249
KOLAY S, Boulay R, D’Ettorre P. 2020. Regulation of Ant Foraging: A Review of the Role of Information Use and Personality. Frontiers in Psychology. 11: 1-7. ISSN: 1664-1078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00734
LEITE PAM, Carvalho MC, Wilcox BP. 2018. Good ant, bad ant? Soil engineering by ants in the Brazilian Caatinga differs by species. Geoderma. 323: 65-73. ISSN: 00167061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.040
LESSARD JP. 2019. Ant community response to disturbance: A global synthesis. Journal of Animal Ecology. 88(3): 346-349. ISSN: 00218790. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12958
LI TC, Shao MA, Jia YH, Jia XX, Huang LM, Gan M. 2019. Small‐scale observation on the effects of burrowing activities of ants on soil hydraulic processes. European Journal of Soil Science. 70(2): 236-244. ISSN: 1351-0754: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12748
MORGAN ED. 2009. Trail pheromones of ants. Physiological Entomology. 34(1):1-17. ISSN: 1365-3032. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2008.00658.x
NAKAMURA T, Harada K, Akino T. 2019. Identification of methyl 6-methylsalicylate as the trail pheromone of the Japanese pavement ant Tetramorium tsushimae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology. 54(3): 297-305. ISSN: 0003-6862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-019-00626-0
NEWSON J, Vandermeer J, Perfecto I. 2021. Differential effects of ants as biological control of the coffee berry borer in Puerto Rico. Biological Control. 160: 104666. ISSN: 10499644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104666
OBERPRIELER SK, Andersen AN. 2020. The importance of sampling intensity when assessing ecosystem restoration: ants as bioindicators in northern Australia. Restoration Ecology. 28(4): 737-741. ISSN: 1061-2971. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13172
OKRUTNIAK M, Grześ IM. 2021. Accumulation of metals in Lasius niger: Implications for using ants as bioindicators. Environmental Pollution. 268, e115824. ISSN: 02697491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115824
ORTIZ DP, Elizalde L, Pirk GI. 2021. Role of ants as dispersers of native and exotic seeds in an understudied dryland. Ecological Entomology. 46(3): 626-636. ISSN: 0307-6946. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.13010
ORTIZ-ALVARADO Y, Fernández-Casas R, Ortiz-Alvarado CA, Diaz-Iglesias E, Rivera-Marchand B. 2021. Behavioral flexibility in Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Insect Science. 21(4): 1-8 ISSN: 1536-2442.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieab059
O’SHEA-WHELLER TA, Hunt ER, Sasaki T. 2021. Functional Heterogeneity in Superorganisms: Emerging Trends and Concepts. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 114(5): 562-574. ISSN: 0013-8746. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saaa039
OUATTARA K, Yeo K, Kouakou LMM, Kone M, Dekoninck W, Konate, S. 2021. Influence of ant–grass association on soil microbial activity through organic matter decomposition dynamics in Lamto savannah (Côte d’Ivoire). African Journal of Ecology. 59(4): 1023-1032. ISSN: 0141-6707. https://doi.org/10.1111/aje.12894
PAGE MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaf JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald E, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 71: 1-9. ISSN: 1756-1833. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
PASK GM, Slone JD, Millar JG, Das P, Moreira JA, Zhou X, Bello J, Berger SL, Bonasio R, Desplan C, Reinberg D, Liebig J, Zwiebel LJ, Ray A. 2017. Specialized odorant receptors in social insects that detect cuticular hydrocarbon cues and candidate pheromones. Nature Communications. 8(1):297. ISSN: 2041-1723. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00099-1
PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ J, Pekas A, Tena A. Wäckers FL. 2021. Sugar provisioning for ants enhances biological control of mealybugs in citrus. Biological Control. 157: 1-8. ISSN: 10499644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104573
PINO MORENO JM, Blasquez JR-E. 2021. Taxonomic Analysis of Some Edible Insects From the State of Michoacán, Mexico. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 8: 1-10. ISSN: 2297-1769. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.629194
RENYARD A, Alamsetti SK, Gries R, Munoz A, Gries G. 2019. Identification of the Trail Pheromone of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus modoc. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 45(11-12): 901-913. ISSN: 0098-0331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-019-01114-z
RETHLEFSEN ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschmidt S, Ayala AP, Moher D, Page MJ, Koffel JB. 2021. PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. Systematic Reviews. 10(1): 1-19. ISSN: 2046-4053. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z
RIBBENSTEDT A, Ziarrusta H, Benskin JP. 2018. Development, characterization and comparisons of targeted and non-targeted metabolomics methods. PLOS ONE. 13(11): 1-18. ISSN: 1932-6203. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207082
RIMSHA T, Zarnab F, Mirza AQ, Shafqat S, Muqarrab A. 2019. Oviposition Deterrence of Fruit fly in Treated Mangoes with Ant cues and Fungus B. bassiana. Agric. Sci. J. 1(1):48-57. ISSN: 2707-9724. https://asj.mnsuam.edu.pk/index.php/asj/article/view/27
RIZVI SAH, George J, Reddy GVP, Zeng X, Guerrero A. 2021. Latest Developments in Insect Sex Pheromone Research and Its Application in Agricultural Pest Management. Insects. 12(6): 1-26. ISSN: 2075-4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060484
ROSAS-MEJÍA M, Janda M. 2017. Informe y análisis de riesgo para las hormigas: argentina (Linepithema humile), loca (Paratrechina fulva), roja de fuego (Solenopsis invicta) y cabezona (Pheidole megacephala) y protocolo de Análisis de riesgo para hormigas exóticas para México. Informe entregado a la CONABIO y al PNUD en el marco del proyecto GEF 083999.
https://www.biodiversidad.gob.mx/especies/Invasoras/proyecto/resultados-componente-I
SARKIS-ONOFRE R, Catalá-López F, Aromataris E, Lockwood C. 2021. How to properly use the PRISMA Statement. Systematic Reviews. 10(1): 1-3. ISSN: 2046-4053. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01671-z
SEKO Y, Hashimoto K, Koba K, Hayasaka D, Sawahata T. 2021. Intraspecific differences in the invasion success of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile Mayr are associated with diet breadth. Scientific Reports. 11(1): 1-10. ISSN: 2045-2322.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82464-1
STORK NE. 2018. How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth? Annual Review of Entomology. 63(1): 31-45. ISSN: 0066-4170. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348
STRINGER LD, Corn JE, Sik RH, Jiménez-Pérez A, Manning LA M, Harper AR, Suckling DM. 2017. Thigmotaxis Mediates Trail Odour Disruption. Scientific Reports. 7(1): 1-8. ISSN: 2045-2322. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01958-z
STÜBER M, Tack AJM, Zewdie B, Mendesil E, Shimales T, Ayalew B, … Hylander K. 2021. Multi‐scale mosaics in top‐down pest control by ants from natural coffee forests to plantations. Ecology. 102(7): 1-8. ISSN: 0012-9658. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3376
SUITER DR, Gochnour BM, Holloway JB, Vail KM. 2021. Alternative Methods of Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Control with Emphasis on the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile. Insects. 12(6): 1-13. ISSN: 2075-4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060487
SWANSON AC, Schwendenmann L, Allen MF, Aronson EL, Artavia‐León A, Dierick D, Fernández-Bo AS, Harmon TS, Murillo-Cruz C, Oberbauer SF, Pinto-Tomás AA, Rundel PW, Zelikova TJ. 2019. Welcome to the Atta world: A framework for understanding the effects of leaf‐cutter ants on ecosystem functions. Functional Ecology. 33(8): 1386-1399. ISSN: 0269-8463. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13319
TAY JW, Choe DH, Mulchandani A, Rust MK. 2020. Hydrogels: From Controlled Release to a New Bait Delivery for Insect Pest Management. Journal of Economic Entomology. 113(5): 2061-2068. ISSN: 0022-0493. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa183
THURMAN JH, Northfield T D, Snyder WE. 2019. Weaver Ants Provide Ecosystem Services to Tropical Tree Crops. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7: 1-9. ISSN: 2296-701X. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00120
TIBCHERANI M, Nacagava VAF, Aranda R, Mello RL. 2018. Review of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as bioindicators in the Brazilian Savanna. Sociobiology. 65(2): 112-129. ISSN: 2447-8067. https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i2.2048
TRIGOS-PERAL G, Juhász O, Kiss PJ, Módra G, Tenyér A, Maák I 2021. Wood ants as biological control of the forest pest beetles Ips spp. Scientific Reports. 11(1): 1-10. ISSN: 2045-2322. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96990-5
VANDER MEER RK, Alonso LE. 2019. “Pheromone Directed Behavior in Ants”. In: Vander Meer RK, Breed MD, Espelie KE, Winston ML, Pheromone Communication in Social Insects. New York, United States of America: Taylor & Francis Group. Pp. 158-192. ISBN: 9780429301575. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429301575
WELZEL KF, Choe DH. 2016. Development of a Pheromone-Assisted Baiting Technique for Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 109(3): 1303-1309. ISSN: 0022-0493. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow015
WILLS BD, Landis DA. 2018. The role of ants in north temperate grasslands: a review. Oecologia. 186(2): 323-338. ISSN: 0029-8549.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-4007-0
WYATT TD. 2017. Pheromones. Current Biology. 27(15): 739-743. ISSN: 09609822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.039
XU T, Xu M, Lu Y, Zhang W, Sun J, Zeng R, Ted CJ, Chen L. 2021. A trail pheromone mediates the mutualism between ants and aphids. Current Biology. 31(21): 4738-4747. ISSN: 09609822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.032
ZHONG Z, Li X, Sanders D, Liu Y, Wang L, Ortega YK, … Wang D. 2021. Soil engineering by ants facilitates plant compensation for large herbivore removal of aboveground biomass. Ecology. 102(5): 1-11. ISSN: 0012-9658. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3312
