Implications of the use of organochlorine in the environment, and public health Repercusiones del uso de los organoclorados sobre el ambiente y salud pública
Resumen
ABSTRACT
Organochlorine insecticides are synthetic chemical compounds of broad spectrum whose most prominent property is its high chemical stability, highly fat-soluble and water-insoluble. In these compounds are included those derived from ethanes, which dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is the best known; cyclodienes include: chlordane, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin and toxaphene; and the series of Hexachlorocyclohexanes as lindane. Insecticides are marketed in several forms as sprays, powders and liquids. In contact with various media such as oxygen, ultraviolet light and small organisms suffer transformations that give rise to new substances that may be harmful. It is considered that these substances have a relatively acute toxicity, accumulate in the fatty tissue with adverse long-term effects on living things, including humans effects. The purpose of this study aims to highlight the importance and the impact it has had the overuse of organochlorine compounds such as DDT in the environment pollution, plant, and food of animal origin for human consumption, with the potential impact on public health.
Key words: organochlorine, environment, public health.
RESUMEN
Los insecticidas organoclorados son compuestos químicos sintéticos de amplio espectro cuya propiedad más destacada es su alta estabilidad química, muy solubles en grasas e insolubles en agua. En estos compuestos se incluyen a los derivados de los etanos, de los cuales el diclorodifeniltricloroetano (DDT) es el más conocido; ciclodienos que incluyen al: clordano, aldrin, dieldrin, heptaclor, endrin y toxafeno; y la serie de los hexaclorociclohexanos como el lindano. Los insecticidas son comercializados en varias presentaciones como aerosoles, polvos y líquidos. En contacto con diversos medios como oxígeno, luz ultravioleta y organismos sufren pequeñas transformaciones que dan origen a nuevas sustancias, que pueden ser más nocivas. Se considera que estas sustancias tienen una toxicidad relativamente aguda, se acumulan en el tejido adiposo con efectos adversos a largo plazo sobre los seres vivos, incluyendo al ser humano.
El objetivo del presente trabajo pretende resaltar la importancia y el impacto que ha tenido el sobreuso de compuestos organoclorados, como el DDT en la contaminación ambiental, vegetal y de los alimentos de origen animal para consumo humano, con potencial impacto de afectación a la salud pública.
Palabras clave: Organoclorados, ambiente, salud pública.
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