Tratamiento estacional con amitraz contra Varroa destructor y sus efectos en colonias de Apis mellifera

Omar Maya-Martínez, Carlos Medina-Flores, Gildardo Aquino-Pérez, Genaro Olmos-Oropeza, Marco López-Carlos

Resumen

Se determinó el efecto del tratamiento estacional con amitraz contra Varroa destructor sobre la población y reservas alimenticias de colonias de abejas melíferas durante las cuatro estaciones del año en el altiplano central de México. Se utilizaron 48 colonias con reinas hermanas, homogéneas en población, reservas de alimentos y niveles de Varroa. 12 colonias recibieron tratamiento en verano, 12 en invierno, 12 en verano e invierno y 12 no fueron tratadas. Los niveles de V. destructor en abejas adultas, en cría y la caída de ácaros en el piso de las colmenas se determinaron durante un año. También se evaluó la población de abejas, áreas de cría, miel, polen y peso de las colonias. Hubo diferencias en los niveles de Varroa entre tratamientos (P<0.05). Finalizando el experimento (primavera), el nivel de infestación en colonias tratadas en verano (602±114) y no tratadas (416±86) fueron superiores (P=0.0002) que en las tratadas en verano e invierno (109±50) o solo en invierno (100±42), entre las cuales no hubo diferencias. Sin embargo, no hubo efecto significativo de los tratamientos sobre la población, reservas de alimentos y peso de las colonias. El tratamiento invernal fue suficiente para controlar Varroa en colonias del altiplano central de México.

Palabras clave

Varroa destructor; abejas melíferas; amitraz; población de abejas; reservas de alimento

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