Revisión: Infección natural por SARS-CoV-2 en animales
Palabras clave:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, zoonosis, infección animalResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los informes epidemiológicos y patológicos de brotes y casos confirmados de la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 en animales de zoológico, granja y mascota infectados naturalmente. Se obtuvieron informes de brotes y casos de animales infectados por SARS-CoV-2 mediante búsqueda, análisis y clasificación sistemática de información disponible en bases de datos de libre acceso. Los informes se evaluaron e incorporaron a una base de datos, se clasificaron e integraron para identificar los valores característicos de morbilidad, mortalidad y manifestaciones clínicas del SARS-CoV-2 en animales; además de lesiones post mortem y alteraciones microscópicas. Se indican alternativas diagnósticas y terapéuticas para confirmar o mitigar la infección en animales; métodos de control como el aislamiento, sacrificio de poblaciones afectadas y las primeras vacunas disponibles para animales. La información disponible sugiere que los animales se han convertido en huéspedes accidentales del SARS-CoV-2, infectándose principalmente a través del contacto con personas afectadas por COVID-19; aunque existe la preocupación de que los animales podrían convertirse en un riesgo de mantenimiento y propagación de nuevas variantes virales, que eventualmente podrían volver a las poblaciones humanas.
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